Advertising in Indian Economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1854 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Advertising is attempting to influence the buying behavior of the customers or clients by providing a persuasive selling message about your products and/or services. Advertising is bringing a product (or service) to the attention of potential and current customers. Advertising is focused on one particular product or service. Thus, an advertising plan for one product might be very different than that for another product. Advertising is typically done with signs, brochures, commercials, direct mailings or e-mail messages, personal contact, etc. Promotion keeps the product in the minds of the customer and helps stimulate demand for the product. Promotion involves ongoing advertising and publicity (mention in the press). The ongoing activities of advertising, sales and public relations are often considered aspects of promotions. One of the purposes of advertising is to stimulate demand for a product, service, or idea. Other factors influencing demand are price and substitutability. A major way advertising may stimulate demand is to create a brand franchise for a product. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Advertising in Indian Economy" essay for you Create order When enough brand equity is created that the brand has the ability to draw buyers (even without further advertising), it is said to have brand franchise. The ultimate brand franchise is when the brand is so prevalent in peoples mind (called mind share), that it is used to describe the whole category of products A brand franchise can be established to a greater or lesser degree depending on product and market. With the dawn of the internet has come many new advertising opportunities. Popup ads, Flash ads, Banner ads, and email ads (often a form of SPAM) abound. What the advertising community is just recently beginning to do is making the ads themselves desirable to the public. Advertising strategy has taken a quantum leap beyond just salesmanship of a product in print. It is like a kaleidoscope. Ever time you turn it you get a different perspective alluring, diverse and genuine. The knack of persuasion in advertising is unleashed but advertising has always been adept to changes with time. It is largely reliant on human inferential abilities. Hence the main goal is not just to inform or persuade but also to establish interactive personal solidarity relationship with the consumers as consumers have been seeing visible and tangible improvement in their lives each passing year. Over a period of time, advertising is undergoing morphing changes slowing and steadily with multi facet approach. ADVERTISING IN INDIA The Indian marketing advertising sector have shown a tremendous growth since the early 90’s with several progressive plans implemented by the Indian government. The government then decided to open the Indian market for foreign investors and allowed foreign equity. That paved the way for the opening the floodgates of the boom in these sectors which is still shining high. Many of the Indian Advertising companies are earning their deserved name and fame by being conferred with the honor of market-leaders and several others are on an emulating spree to achieve the feat of their peers. The current growth of 18-20 per cent in ADVERTISING is among one of the highest among various industries in India. Nowadays famed global agencies are getting attracted towards the growing Indian market and the Indian economy is slowly but steadily opening its doors to World market capitalism. The 10000-crore ADVERTISING industry accounts for about 33 percent of the total industry profits in the Asia-Pacific belt. INDIAN ECONOMY India economy, the third largest economy in the world, in terms of purchasing power, is going to touch new heights in coming years. As predicted by Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third largest economy of the world just after US and China. It will grow to 60% of size of the US economy. This booming economy of today has to pass through many phases before it can achieve the current milestone of 9% GDP. After India got independence from this colonial rule in 1947, the process of rebuilding the economy started. For this various policies and schemes were formulated. First five year plan for the development of Indian economy came into implementation in 1952. These Five Year Plans, started by Indian government, focused on the needs of Indian economy. If on one hand agriculture received the immediate attention on the other side industrial sector was developed at a fast pace to provide employment opportunities to the growing population and to keep pace with the developments in the world. Since then Indian economy has come a long way. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at factor cost, which was 2. 3 % in 1951-52 reached 9% in financial year 2005-06 Trade liberalization, financial liberalization, tax reforms and opening up to foreign investments were some of the important steps, which helped Indian economy to gain momentum. The Economic Liberalization introduced by Man Mohan Singh in 1991, then Finance Minister in the government of P V Narsimha Rao, proved to be the stepping-stone for Indian economic reform movements. To maintain its current status and to achieve the target GDP of 10% for financial year 2006-07, Indian economy has to overcome many challenges. According to the estimates by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, the Indian economy has registered a growth of 7. 4 per cent in 2009-10, with 8. 6 per cent year-on-year (y-o-y) growth in its fourth quarter. The growth is driven by robust performance of the manufacturing sector on the back of government and consumer spending. GDP growth rate of 7. 4 per cent in 2009-10 has exceeded the government forecast of 7. 2 per cent for the full year. According to government data, the manufacturing sector witnessed a growth of 16. 3 per cent in January-March 2010, from a year earlier. ADVERTISING AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY Advertising and other marketing expenditures incurred by a firm are expected to create a stock of goodwill which may generate profits for the firm not only in the current period but also in future. It is considered as one of the most important weapons to face and deal with competition in the market place. Planning for advertising and other kinds of promotional programmes are amongst the main activities of any large corporation in modern society. Large Indian companies allocate huge amounts of money for their advertising budgets. Expenditure are always incurred in anticipation of benefits. Thus advertising is justifiable only if the benefits derived out of the advertisements are more than the amount incurred in advertising expenditure. The Indian advertising industry is talking business today. It has evolved from being a small-scale business to a full-fledged industry. It has emerged as one of the major industries and tertiary sectors and has broadened its horizons be it the creative aspect, the capital employed or the number of personnel involved. Indian advertising industry in very little time has carved a niche for itself and placed itself on the global map. Indian advertising industry with an estimated value of es13, 200-crore has made jaws drop and set eyeballs gazing with some astonishing pieces of work that it has given in the recent past. The creative minds that the Indian advertising industry incorporates have come up with some mind-boggling concepts and work that can be termed as masterpieces in the field of advertising. Advertising agencies in the country too have taken a leap. They have come a long way from being small and medium sized industries to becoming well known brands in the business. Mudra, Ogilvy and Mathew (O), Mccann Ericsonn, Rediffussion, Leo Burnett are some of the top agencies of the country. Indian economy is on a boom and the market is on a continuous trail of expansion. With the market gaining grounds Indian advertising has every reason to celebrate. Businesses are looking up to advertising as a tool to cash in on lucrative business opportunities. Growth in business has lead to a consecutive boom in the advertising industry as well. The Indian advertising today handles both national and international projects. This is primarily because of the reason that the industry offers a host of functions to its clients that include everything from start to finish that include client servicing, media planning, media buying, creative conceptualization, pre and post campaign analysis, market research, marketing, branding, and public relation services. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT The gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of a countrys overall economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. It is often positively correlated with the standard of living, though its use as a stand-in for measuring the standard of living has come under increasing criticism and many countries are actively exploring alternative measures to GDP for that purpose. The Indian economy is the 12th largest in USD exchange rate terms. India is the second fastest growing economy in the world. India’s GDP has touched US$1. 25 trillion. The crossing of Indian GDP over a trillion dollar mark in 2007 puts India in the elite group of 12 countries with trillion dollar economy. The tremendous growth rate has coincided with better macroeconomic stability. India has made remarkable progress in information technology, high end services and knowledge process services. The Indian advertising industry is expected to grow by 13 per cent in 2010 to Rs 21,145 crore, According to the PITCH-Madison Media Advertising Outlook 2010, after a tough 2009, the Indian advertising pie is expected to be worth about Rs 21,145 crore this year,a 13 per cent increase over the previous one. The Indian media and advertising industry clocked a size of Rs 18,670 crore in 2009 that saw a dramatic drop of 10 percentage points compared to 2008, where the industry was worth Rs 20,717 crore. The report said the print media was the worst hit in 2009. The medium lost a massive Rs 2,000 crore of ad revenue and its share in the advertisement pie stood at Rs 7,806 crore.. Television and radio, which grew marginally at two and three per cent respectively, contributed about Rs 9,173 crore to the advertising pie. The current pace at which the Indian advertising industry is moving the industry is expected to witness a major boom in the times ahead. If the experts are to be believed then the industry in the coming times will form a major contribution to the GDP. In 2009, the Indian ad industry had suffered a major setback, and had shrunk, primarily due to a drastic decrease in print advertising spending – which suffered a massive cut of Rs 2,000 crores. The leading advertisement medium are newspapers and television, with an almost equal share totaling 75% of the total share of various mediums. Magazine advertising constitutes a very small share of 3%, while online and digital advertising spend is substantially less than 1% of the total ad industry turnover. However the digital and online advertisements is increasing at a fast rate of 25%. In addition to print and television, the other popular advertisement and marketing media are radio, cable TV, direct mail and outdoor advertisements and publicity. The biggest ad spenders are FMCG companies such as Unilever, PG, ITC and PepsiCo and automotive companies such as Maruti and Hero Honda. These companies have huge ad budgets running into hundreds of crores of rupees, and therefore, wield tremendous bargaining power over their ad agencies. The emerging advertisement and marketing media in India are mobile advertisements, internet, direct calling and FM radio.

Evaluation of an Online Mindfullness Course for Preceived...

Evalluation of The Evectivness Of an Online Meditation (Mindfullness) Course For Percived stress Among Refuges Compared to Face-to-Face course Introduction The united nation high commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) (2014) estimated that more than 500,000 registered or waiting to registration. Aside 120,000 Syrian hosted in the Zaatri camp, the vast majority of Syrian reside in non camp setting pronominally in the north. Additionally, in the last few years, Jordan hosts a nearly 32,000 individuals, most of them from Iraq and the rest from Sudan and other countries. Mental health and psychological problems are common in all communities of the world; these problems are much fragment among people who have faced adversity, such as exposure to a humanitarian crises (World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). Therefore, the majority of the refugees had witnessed armed conflict, and persecution (United Nation [UN], 2012). And imprisonments Refugees were expected to suffer a high prevalence of PTSD and depression (Carta et al., 2013). Meditation is an age-old-regulatory strategy that is gaining more interest in mental coursed and psychiatry as it can reduce arousal states and anxiety condition (Krisanaprakornkit, Krisanaprakornkit, Piyavhatkul, Laopaiboon, 2006). Moreover, it considered as a type of mind-body complementary medicine (Ramesh , 2013) spending even a few minutes in meditation can restore mental calmness and inner peace (Mayo Clinic [MC], 2012).

Governance of Organizational Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Governance of Organizational Change Management. Answer: Introduction: Based on the model presented by Greiner the company is facing foremost a leadership crisis. Although the business at WMC can be called a family run business as the leaders of the company belong to the same family however, the tactics each of the leaders has adopted in order to cope with the crisis has resulted in intensifying the crisis to a great extent. This is evidently observed from the time Hana replaced Sofea as the leader of the organization. From this point onwards the company started to face a crisis in its leadership. The crisis is still prevailing in the system as both the present leaders Mira and Ryan are adopting measures and approaches which are being greatly criticized by those in the management (Cameron and Green, 2004). It is further observed that with the participation of Mira and Ryan in the business as the new leaders, the management is facing an Autonomy crisis. Based on Greiners theory this can be apparently observed in the methods and approaches the two of them are bringing in the organization. The approaches are evidently based on the expertise of the Mira and Ryan rather than the conceivability and capability of the management and the other employees of the firm. This is further leading to control crisis and red tape crisis explained by Greiner as crisis which affects the growth and development of company adversely. The controls crisis is certainly making it complex for the employees to understand the leadership type in the business and red tape crisis is certainly making it difficult for the company to rely on the finance reports. Comparing this analysis of the Greiner model with that of the Malhotra and Hinings, it can be taken into consideration that the change in leadership in WMC has not been well accustomed with the nature of the business which was prevalent in WMC since it commenced its venture, this is evident from the degradation that the company witnessed since the Hana came into leadership (Carroll, 2002). The nature of the business was mass production however, during the course of the Hanas leadership it was witnessed that the companys reputation in the said business association started to degrade. This was primarily due to the incapability of Hana to conceive the alterations in the market, which was compelling the business to alter its type in order to cope with the situation in a better manner. However, Hanas incapability in comprehending this aspect and carrying on the same old business area led to the degradation that WMC faced during her reign. In addition, it can also be taken into the context that Ryan and Mira were facing difficulty in managing the business as a consequence of the same old business convention prevalent in the business approach. In their theory Malhotra and Hinings have clearly stated that with the due passage of time business need to change their characteristics in ordr to cope with the changing situations in a better way (Cook, Macaulay and Coldicott, 2004). It is through dynamism that business would be able to find the desired growth and success in the modern business world. The deep structure model presented by Gersick indicated that every organization bases its functioning upon five structures namely: the power distribution, structure, strategy, culture, and control systems. These are the five structures which consists the deep structure theory and according to Gersick are responsible for affecting the organizations functions, growth and development to a great extent. This can be further established out of a thorough analysis on the problem statement on the issues faced by WMC in their management and leadership. An analysis on each of the structures and their typical impact on the organization have been discussed in this context: Power distribution: there is a whole lot of indistinctness in the power distribution system of WMC. In the course of the problem statement it is observed that the sole power of the organization rested upon its leader or owner in this case. However, in final sentences of the problem statement it was observed that the management was dissatisfied with the approaches that the owners of the business introduced in order to cope with the current state of affairs. Therefore, it is uncertain which of the figures are actually controlling the state of affairs in the organization (Cushman and King, 2005). At a certain point it seemed that there was a bureaucratic power system in the company and then during the conclusion it was observed that there was indeed a power distribution but the power distribution did not mention any sort of constraints and limitations on the concerned authoritative figures. Thus can be said that there is an uneven power distribution system in WMC. Structure: the companys structure is pretty well laid out. Being a typical mass production company the company has pretty decent structure i.e. there is the leaders or owners of the business who decide upon the essential matters of the business i.e. the kind and type of business approach the company is going to follow. Along with it there is the management who pretty much manages the activities in the organization i.e. maintaining the production, supply, and distribution chain, managing the employees and the finances etc. Overall the structure of the organization is in order (DiBella, 2007). Strategy: the company is going through a change in their business strategy at the moment and therefore, the outcome is yet to be observed out of the newly adopted strategy. However, based on the previous records it can be assumed that the strategies that the company chose in the past were not very effective. Culture: the culture of the company is a healthy one as with the many years through which the company has conducted its business it has been observed that the employee satisfaction level has been very high, which indicates that the organization has indeed a very healthy work culture prevailing within it (Downs, Durant and Eastman, 2002). Control systems: similar to the power distribution the control systems are a bit ambiguous at WMC. However, as per the context mentioning that Ryan and Mira were making decisive changes in the company it can be assumed that company has an autocratic control system where the owners call the shots or make the ultimate decisions. Based on the theory presented by Dailey and Browning it can be said that the narratives and storytelling in the organizations have a great effect in transforming the work culture. It is through the telling and retelling stories having positive impact upon the cognitive faculties of the employees that an organization is able to transform the attitudes, behaviors, and belief systems of the employees. This can be observed in the case of Sofeas time as the leader of the organization (Fitzgerald and Eijnatten, 2002). It was observed during her time as the leader of the organization that the by means of presenting narratives and storytelling the management was able to transform the work culture and the attitudes of the employees to state where their performances enhanced a great deal. Furthermore, it was also observed that the employees efforts as a consequence to the great stories altered the work culture from a mediocre one to gaining a formidable reputation in the concerned business mar ket. It was further through story telling the organization was able to achieve: Control: the company was at a very commanding state during Sofeas reign. This was obviously the positive effect of the storytelling method which resulted in providing upper hand to the management and the owner to be in control of the state of affairs. Integration: it can be presumed that through narrative methods the company was able to develop a belief among the employees which showed a great deal of significance on their parts. This was the prime target of the company and the approach increased the employee satisfaction level through this to a great extent (Green, 2007). Stability: It was through the aid of this method that the company attained stability in its businesss state of affairs. This is apparently observed when the leadership switched and the practice was abandoned (Veldsman, 2014). Based on the study the agents of collaborative modes of intervention can be presumed to be the Authoritative model and Facilitative model based approaches. This has been discussed in the problem statement of the company that the company was undergoing a transformation under the new leadership of Mira and Ryan and the aspects that were observed in the approaches they introduced to the business can be taken into the context of the two i.e. Authoritative and Facilitative modes of intervention in the organizational operations. This is purely based on the alterations that the two leaders suggested (Hoffmann and Wangue, 2014). Analyzing their suggestions and the method they used in the implementation of the ideas these two agents of the collaborative intervention can be spotted. This is largely due to the reason that the organization was looking forward to implement the alterations as per the guidelines prescribed by the leaders. The leaders Ryan and Mira were willing to demonstrate a prac tice approach in order to provide an insight to the management authorities on the ways the methods would work in real life. This was clearly a demonstration of Authoritative method of collaborative intervention. In addition to that the new leaders of the organization were all set to relate to the management and the concerned employees regarding the alterations. This is evident as the approaches that the two leaders were implementing were totally unfamiliar to the management and therefore further required the aid of cathartic and supportive approaches consisting the facilitative method in order to make the new approaches fully functional (kinci, 2014). Therefore, it can be apparently assumed that the two methods i.e. the authoritative and facilitative methods were going to be the new agents of the change that was going to take place in the WMC organizational structure and operations in the future prospect of WMC. Relating to the Organizational typology in the process of change in the organization as stated by Hayes, it can be said that the ongoing change in the overall organizational structure of WMC was typically a Transformational Versus Incremental Change. This is due to the reason that the particular typology refers to alterations which directly affects the organizational structure of an organization. This is what the organization WMC is witnessing at the present moment. The change in leadership ushered the Transformational Versus Incremental Changes effect within the organization (Letavec, 2014). The two leaders Mira and Ryan were fully aware of the conventional process that the organization had been implementing over its business course over the years and over the years the conventional system had proved its inefficacy in providing the desired growth, development, and success to the organization had become evident. Therefore, in the context it has been explicitly mentioned that the organization was looking forward to alter several approaches including the business approach itself. The business approach was being transformed from a typical mass production system to a designer cloth making business process oriented towards capturing i nternational markets. This evidently demonstrates the fact that the company was leaning towards Transformational Versus Incremental Change, which can be further observed as Ryan was focused on altering organization structure as well (Special issue on Management accounting change in Japan, 2010). The alteration suggested that the conventional structure should ripped apart and a new model of designing and manufacturing should implemented which would be similar to that of the big international clothing brands like Benetton, Walmart etc This kind of alterations are defined as Transformational Versus Incremental Change in the theory that was presented by Hayes and effectively emphasizes that such a massive change in an organization can be categorized under Transformational Versus Incremental Change (Steele, 2010). References Alban, B. (2007). Organizational Transitions: Managing Complex Change.Academy of Management Executive, 1(2), pp.150-151. Blokdijk, G. (2008).Change management 100 success secrets. [Brisbane, Australia]: [Emereo]. Cameron, E. and Green, M. (2004).Making sense of change management. London: Kogan Page. Carroll, C. (2002).Journal of organizational change management. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Cook, S., Macaulay, S. and Coldicott, H. (2004).Change management excellence. London: Kogan Page. Cushman, D. and King, S. (2005).Communicating organizational change. Albany: State University of New York Press. DiBella, A. (2007). Implementing Organizational Change: Theory and Practice/Strategic Organizational Change: Building Change Capabilities in Your Organization.Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(2), pp.85-86. Downs, A., Durant, R. and Eastman, K. (2002).Journal of organizational change management. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Fitzgerald, L. and Eijnatten, F. (2002).Journal of organizational change management. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Green, M. (2007).Change management masterclass. London: Kogan Page. Hoffmann, S. and Wangue, M. (2014). Governance of Organizational Change Management.Change Management: An International Journal, 13(4), pp.13-22. kinci, S. (2014). Organizational Change: Importance of Leadership Style and Training.MOS, 1(2). Letavec, C. (2014).Strategic benefits realization. Plantation, FL: J. Ross Publishing. Special issue on Management accounting change in Japan. (2010).J Acc Organizational Change, 6(2). Steele, P. (2010). Surviving Organizational Change.Nursing Management (Springhouse), 21(12), p.50. Veldsman, D. (2014). Organizational Transformation.Change Management: An International Journal, 13(2), pp.9-20.

The Problem with Testing Drugs on Animals Every ye Essay Example For Students

The Problem with Testing Drugs on Animals Every ye Essay ar is that nearly 100 million animals die in research laboratories at the hands of curious scientists who perform outdated and inaccurate tests that prove no benefit to humans or animals. Before these animals die, they are routinely burned, scalded, poisoned, starved, given electric shocks, addicted to drugs, subjected to near freezing temperatures, dosed with radioactive elements, driven insane, deliberately inflicted with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, oral infections, stomach ulcers, syphilis, herpes, and AIDS. Their eyes are surgically removed, their brains and spinal cords damaged, and their bones broken. Law does not mandate the usage of anesthesia; consequently, this is rarely administered. Despite all of this cruelty, not a single disease has been cured through vivisection in this century. We will write a custom essay on The Problem with Testing Drugs on Animals Every ye specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The overall adult cancer rate has risen in the past 40 years, and a fatal heart attack strikes a person every 45 seconds. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that 70-80% of the common diseases killing Americans are preventable given a responsible diet and lifestyle. Drug testing on animals is inaccurate and does not benefit humans or animals at all. Animals including, but not limited to, dogs, cats, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils, rhesus monkeys, imported primates, owls, deer, sheep, llama, and cattle are commonly used for vivisection. Vivisection is the medical term for the practice of experimenting on animals. Charles River Breeding Laboratories, a company owned by Bausch and Lomb, provides 40-50% of the animals used in experiments of laboratories. The other remaining misfortunate animals come from places a little closer to you and me. Some of them come from animal shelters, some come from the free to good home ads in the classified section of the newspaper, and some from unsuspecting people who allow their companion animals to become pregnant. What is even worse is that some have been stolen directly from their own front yard. Imagine your pet one day being crammed into a cage with ten other animals waiting to die like approximately 20-100 million other animals do each year in numerous unreliable tests. More than 205,000 new drugs are marketed worldwide every year. Most of these animals die after undergoing the most common unreliable test method still in use, animal vivisection. The current system of drug testing puts consumers in a dangerous predicament. According to the General Accounting Office, more than half of the prescription drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1976 and 1985 caused serious side effects that later caused the drugs to be either re-labeled or removed from the market. The following drugs passed safe in animal experiments but proved tragic consequences in humans. Opren caused 3500 people to suffer serious side effects including damage to skin, eyes, liver, and kidneys. Thalidomide caused about 10,000 birth defects worldwide. Clioquinol caused 30,000 cases of blindness and/or paralysis and thousands of deaths. Conversely, many drugs that are beneficial to humans are dangerous or even fatal to animals. Penicillin, which is an antibiotic to humans, kills guinea pigs. Aspirin causes birth defects in rats, mice, monkeys, guinea pigs, cats and dogs, but it does not harm humans in any way. This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine reports that sophisticated non-animal research methods are more accurate, less expensive, and less-time consuming than traditional animal based research methods. Fewer accidental deaths caused by drugs and treatments would occur if stubborn bureaucrats and wealthy vivisectors would use the more accurate alternatives such as:1. Cell and tissue culture in vitro2. Microorganisms and other species of little or no capacity for pain or suffering3. Computer models to answer questions and guide animal research4. Fewer animals used per study5. Less poorly planned workIf animal experimentation was eliminated, it would free up 6.8 billion dollars that could be used for education programs and medical assistance programs for low-income individuals. This would help more than 30 million U.S. citizens who cannot afford health insurance, rather than making animals sick. .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .postImageUrl , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:hover , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:visited , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:active { border:0!important; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:active , .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f62b346dbfea475d26476846d9585eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood Review EssayThere will be nearly 275,000 animals dead this time tomorrow that are not dead right now due to a fatal animal testing mistake. The numbers are real, and this is happening in our world every day because it is a multibillion-dollar income for some people and is legal in the U.S. The National Institutes of Health, the worlds largest recipient of funds used for research, must be pushed to fund more preventative programs and human based research. The problem that we are faced with today is not a difficult one to fix. The technology is available for us to use and we should take advantage of our advanced alternate methods.

Women in the World War essays

Women in the World War essays Dear brave sir, I dont know how to thank you for risking your life for your countrymen. I feel as if I am greatly indebted to you. I know that you will make proud. I can only extend my deepest gratitude. While you defend the front lines, you should know that everything back home is well taken care of. The government has done a darn good job of making sure everything is being done to win this war. How are the trenches? Are they as bad as they say? I hope they feed you well, because we have sacrificed much for your meals. I will admit, the food at home has become less appealing. We shifted from wheat, flour, beef, and bacon to substitutes. I hope that every last crumb that we save is delivered directly into your stomachs! Good soldier, you need not lose sleep over who is working while you are gone defending democracy. Chaps ages fifteen to nineteen are being enrolled to help on farms. As for the ladies left here, you dont have to worry about them either. They stopped worrying about you boys long ago. Theyre using their free time to for fill the responsibilities of you boys. Theyve filled the munitions factories, and are employed in civil services. Please do your best to finish this thing soon. I know its a lot to ask of, but were doing our best to help those in the time of need as well. The Canadian Patriotic Fund if offering wives and families of soldiers in service overseas compensation for the work that you guys would have done. ...

George Orwells Classic Essay on the Homeless

George Orwells Classic Essay on the Homeless Best known for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), George Orwell (pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair) was one of the most notable political writers of his day. The following short piece has been drawn from Chapter 31 of Orwells first book, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), a semiautobiographical account of living in poverty in both cities. Though the word beggars is rarely heard nowadays, the ordinary human beings he describes are, of course, still with us. Consider whether or not you agree with Orwells thesis.After reading Why Are Beggars Despised you may find it worthwhile to compare the piece with two essays by Oliver Goldsmith: A City Night-Piece  and The Character of the Man in Black. Why Are Beggars Despised? by George Orwell 1 It is worth saying something about the social position of beggars, for when one has consorted with them, and found that they are ordinary human beings, one cannot help being struck by the curious attitude that society takes towards them. People seem to feel that there is some essential difference between beggars and ordinary working men. They are a race apart - outcasts, like criminals and prostitutes. Working men work, beggars do not work; they are parasites, worthless in their very nature. It is taken for granted that a beggar does not earn his living, as a bricklayer or a literary critic earns his. He is a mere social excrescence, tolerated because we live in a humane age, but essentially despicable. 2 Yet if one looks closely one sees that there is no essential difference between a beggars livelihood and that of numberless respectable people. Beggars do not work, it is said; but, then, what is work? A navvy works by swinging a pick. An accountant works by adding up figures. A beggar works by standing out of doors in all weathers and getting varicose veins, chronic bronchitis, etc. It is a trade like any other; quite useless, of course - but, then, many reputable trades are quite useless. And as a social type a beggar compares well with scores of others. He is honest compared with the sellers of most patent medicines, high-minded compared with a Sunday newspaper proprietor, amiable compared with a hire-purchase tout - in short, a parasite, but a fairly harmless parasite. He seldom extracts more than a bare living from the community, and, what should justify him according to our ethical ideas, he pays for it over and over in suffering. I do not think there is anything about a be ggar that sets him in a different class from other people, or gives most modern men the right to despise him. 3 Then the question arises, Why are beggars despised?- for they are despised, universally. I believe it is for the simple reason that they fail to earn a decent living. In practice nobody cares whether work is useful or useless, productive or parasitic; the sole thing demanded is that it shall be profitable. In all the modern talk about energy, efficiency, social service and the rest of it, what meaning is there except Get money, get it legally, and get a lot of it? Money has become the grand test of virtue. By this test beggars fail, and for this they are despised. If one could earn even ten pounds a week at begging, it would become a respectable profession immediately. A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a businessman, getting his living, like other businessmen, in the way that comes to hand. He has not, more than most modern people, sold his honor; he has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade at which it is impossible to grow rich. (1933) Other Responses To find out how other readers have responded to this excerpt from Orwells Down and Out in Paris and London, visit the discussion board at reddit/r/books.

Comparative ethnic identity and ethnic conflict Essay

Comparative ethnic identity and ethnic conflict - Essay Example Semitic Nazi leader Adolf Hilter saw Jews as inferior people. After years of Nazi government in Germany, finally, Adolf decided to do mass killings under the cover of world war. Mass killing centers were in the camps of Poland. The time covered by the film is between 1933: where the Jewish population stood about nine million, most Europeans by then lived countries that Nazi countries would influence during world 11.By 1945; the Germans with their collaborators had killed about every three European Jews as part of solution. Between 1948and 1951, about 700,000jews immigrated to Israel, also 13600 Jewish were displaced, others emigrated to United States and other nations. In 1957, the camps closed. The main objective of the film is to gives an interdisciplinary approach to citizenship education. Students go from thought to judgment, then participation so that they can deal with moral questions important in study of racism, bigotry, violence, and anti-Semitism. The film shows consequence s of anti-Semitism, racism and discrimination by exploring the tarnish mirror of history as one of most violent times in world history in 1930 and 1940s. When the students watched and saw what really happened, they could be able to known the forces that damaged democracy in Germany, betrayed the future of young people, and finally caused holocaust. Moreover, the student can find out how those forces threaten our community. Students are able to learn how any made decisions can influence the society, nation and the entire world. The film though is biased as those who were accountable for crime against humanity, and continued theft of aboriginal land are shown as heroes which does not reflect the core values of society. The film contributed to Nazi holocaust, because it is in 1933, the Jewish population of Europe was about 9million people. In 1945, the Germans killed almost killed two out of three Europeans Jews as part of their lasting solution with their collaborators. The Jews were the primary victim of Nazi racism and deemed a priority danger to the Germanys. They were other victims including about 200,000Roma (Gypsies).there were Germanys who were mentally disabled patients living in institutional settings killed in euthanasia program. The Germans and their collaborators persecuted and killed millions of other people while the Nazi tyranny spread across Europe. The soviet prisoners of war between two to three million died of diseases, hunger, neglect, or maltreatment. The non -Jewish polish intelligentsia was killed by Germanys .They deported millions of polish and soviet civilians for forced labor in Germany or in occupied Poland. The individuals worked and died due to terrible conditions. From the beginning of Nazi government, German government mistreated homosexuals and others who had deeds against the norm of the society. The German police targeted the political opponents like communists, socialist and trade unionists, religious dissidents such as Jehova h’s witnesses. Many people died of incarceration and maltreatment. It shown that, the national socialist authority formed concentration camps to arrest real and imagined political opponents and ideological opponents. As the years increased, the police officials incarcerated Jews, Roma and other people due to ethnic and racial hatred in those camps. They wanted to monitor their population. In 1945 and 1944, Nazi German government brought millions of Jews

Holywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Holywood - Essay Example However, the film can also be classified under other different genres. These include; Suspense, Thriller, based on, and Adaptation. James Stewart, a professional photographer, breaks his leg photographing a racetrack accident. Also a dance that Stewart nicknames "Miss Lonelyhearts" from the tenants window is also evident of the dramatic element in the film (John, 6). The principal theme in Real Window film is the crime-thriller theme and the relationship theme. The films tell us a story of a handicapped photographer who broke his leg while taking racetrack accident photos. From the actions that he observes in his apartment, he suspects that the murder had happened. The relationship theme is evidenced by the romance between Lisa and Jeff. The bigger ideas that the film is pointing to us is unity and matters relating to relationship. We learn that for us to get the love we must chase it (Honan, 11). The two main analytical positions that we can view this film are gender dynamics and personal attitudes. The film strongly opposes the negative attitude towards women and dictates how women should be treated. For instance, our "gaze" towards Lisa is controlled through the film. The feminist perspective have frequently been used in the film to advocate for fair treatment of women (Honan, 11). Real Window has maintained its ability to create fear, panic and tension to a high extent. Despite its ancient production techniques, it is among the best films to watch. If this film had seamless special effects in the modern film industry, it could be the best movie of the season. Sigmund Freud was a creative writer whom Alfred heavily relied on for ideas. Sigmund was therefore frequently associated with Hitchcock’s films (John,

The Experience Economy Essay Example for Free

The Experience Economy Essay Examples of winery mission statements We believe that great wines begin in the vineyard. For us, winegrowing is a collaboration with nature a balance between our passion for excellence and our trust in the natural expression of soil, climate and vine. As stewards of the land, it is our responsibility to farm it carefully, harvest the fruit gently and guide our wines with as little intervention as possible through a natural winemaking process. Examples of winery mission statements Creativity and perfection in all realms of living is what we strive for. We dont stop when we put the brush down, but continue throughout our lives, in winemaking, cooking, in friendships. It creates a mystical essence. Thats what we are about. Examples of winery mission statements The long term goal being to craft the finest classic cool climate varietal wines of Pinot Noir, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay. Examples of winery mission statements Work at the castle is aimed towards the production of high quality wines. The cultivation system aims rigorously at respecting the environment. The wine has the title DOCG which is the most important acknowledgement of quality that the Italian state attributes to wine. Examples of winery mission statements Needless to say, our spirit reflects, above all, a certain joie de vivre created by a spontaneous champagne which brings something extra to those memorable moments shared with friends. Who could put it better than Laurence Mercier-Bardin, great, great granddaughter of the founder: â€Å"A taste for our wine is a taste for the pleasure of sharing a convivial, uncomplicated atmosphere.

Running on Faith (eric clapton Biography) :: essays research papers

When comparing my free write with the writing diagnostic prompt, it gave me a chance to reminisce on how I became a scribe. To know how to write, one also needs to know how to read. My reading abilities, like most of my peers started in pre-school learning the ABC’s. After learning the basic’s it was in infinite sprint to soak up the knowledge of the world. Over the years, I can credit my parents, teachers, and many books for instilling the knowledge I would need to read and write.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My memories of reading started around the ages of three to five. I can recall the first time I read a book by myself. I was ecstatic. My favorite early child-hood book was with out a doubt Curious George. I had a positive memory of reading. It was not a hard concept for me to grasp. I loved reading anything I could get my hands on. That included newspaper and magazines. I also learned a lot by reading other people. For instance my Dad, he taught me so much about life and what it takes to succeed. He instilled the will to read and learn.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Writing†¦. writing for me is a never-ending struggle to perfect the English language, dialect, sentence structure and any other way I can possibly butcher my native tongue on paper. With so many ways to put ideas on paper, the English language is one of the most free-spirited yet, hardest languages to write. I look at myself as a writer of raw talent, one that needs to be harness to achieve great ideas. My major is pre-journalism, which requires tons of writing, so learning to polish my skills is a big plus at my age right now. I have taken many classes to try and improve my overall writing abilities. In High school I took English AP my junior year, also I did a television class to help write for newscast on the local news station and for the school. I would consider those positive aspects of my writings. One reason is because it was made into a fun style that I really enjoyed. Reading and writing is what one wants is willing to make of it, How many hours of practice will grant one in return a better understanding of the English language.

Research methodology Essay

Methodology and methods are two terms which have been used interchangeably often by scholars. The practice is unfortunate because they are not the same. The former refers to philosophy and the latter refers to technical procedures applied to conduct research. The word methodology comprises two nouns: method and ology, which means a branch of knowledge; hence, methodology is a branch of knowledge that deals with the general principles or axioms of the generation of new knowledge. It refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie any natural, social or human science study, whether articulated or not. Simply put, methodology refers to how each of logic, reality, values and what counts as knowledge inform research. On the other hand, methods are the techniques and procedures followed to conduct research, and are determined by the methodology (i.e. sampling, data collection, data analysis and results reporting, as well as theories, conceptual frameworks, taxonomies and models). Even the focus and intent of the research, and the actual research questions themselves, are shaped by the methodology (McGregor, 2010). In methodology we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also methodology. (Kothari, 2004). The following are the systematic analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed in research which define methodology: 1. Formulating the Research Problem The definition of research question is the most important step when undertaking any research as they give direction to the research method applied (Yin, 2003). Sebastian et al, (2011) explains that it requires an open mind while framing the research question. At the same time the researcher is required to familiarize with potential research methods and build awareness of their requirements. A researcher must examine all available literature to get himself acquainted with the selected problem. 2. Literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. Comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers. Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic and can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. They also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. Depending on the situation, the literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant (The Writing Center, 2010-2013). For purposes of literature review abstracting and indexing journals,conference proceedings, government reports, books etc must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem. 3. Developing a Working Hypothesis Hypothesis is a statement of the predicted relationship between two or more variables. As a reseracher you do not know about a phenomenon but you do have a hunch(theory) to form the basis of certain assumption or guesses. You test these by collecting information that will enable you to conclude if your hunch was right. The verification process have one of the three ouytcomes, right, partially right and wrong. Without this process of verification, you cannot conclude anything about the validity of your assumptions. Hence hypotheses is a hunch, assumption, suspicion, assertion or an idea about a phenomenon, relationship or situation, the reality or truth of which you do not know. These hypotheses form the basis for enquiry (Slideshare, 2013). 4. Preparing Rearch Design Research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a particular manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure (Slideshare, 2013). In order to develop a complete research design it is valuable to understand the nature of the point from philosophical point of view. Failure to think through philosophical issues can seriouly affect the quality of management resesearch (Eaterby-Smith et al, 2008). The steps involved in research design according to (Umesh) are: a) The means of obtaining the information b) The availability and skills of the researcher and his staff (if any) c) Explanation of the way in which selected means of obtaining information will be organized and the reasoning leading to the selection. d) The time available for research e) The cost factor relating to research i.e. the finance available for the purpose 5. Determining Sample Design Sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually collected for obtaining a sample from a given population. The sample design to be used must be decided by the researcher taking into consideration the nature of the inquiry and other related factors. According to Statistics and Probability Dictionary, (2013) a sample design is made up of two elements: 1. Sampling method. Sampling method refers to the rules and procedures by which some elements of the population are included in the sample. Some of the common sample methods used are simple random sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling. 2. Estimator. The estimation process for calculating sample statistics is called the estimator. Different sampling methods may use different estimators. For example, the formula for computing a mean score with a simple random sample is different from the formula for computing a mean score with a stratified sample. The â€Å"best† sample design depends on survey objectives and on survey resources. 6. Data Collection According to Basic Tools for Process Improvement, Data Collection, (1998-2013) data collection is obtaining useful information on key quality characteristics produced by your process. Data Collection enables a team to formulate and test working assumptions about a process and develop information that will lead to the improvement of the key quality characteristics of the product or service. In summary, data collection helps to establish a factual basis to making a decision. For one to collect data uniformly, you will need to develop a data collection plan. The data collection plan developed should answer the following question: 1. Why do we want the data? What will we do with the data after we have collected them? You must decide on a purpose for collecting the data 2. Where will we collect data? The location where data are collected must be identified clearly. 3. What type of data will we collect? In general, data can be classified into two major types: attribute data and variables data 4. Who will collect the data? Those closest to the data, the process workers, should collect the data 5. How do we collect the right data? Collect data that best describe the situation at hand. 7. Data analysis Eisenhardt, (1989) explains that analysis is an interactive process started with the development and presentation of an initial set of theoretical propositions based on evidence from the first phase of data collection, during field work and the theoretical assumptions associated with the theoretical framework. According to Kothari, (2004) the term analysis refers to the computation of certain measures along with searching for patterns of relationships that exist among data-groups. Thus ‘in the process of analysis, relationships or differences supporting or conflicting with original or new hypotheses should be subjected to statistical tests of significance to determine with what validity data can be said to indicate any conclusions. The process operations in data analysis are: a. Editing: it is a process of examining the collected raw data to detect errors and ommsisions and to correct these where possible. b. Coding: it refers to the process of assigning numerals or other symbols to answers so that responses cab be put into a limited number of categories or classes. c. Classification: it is the process of arranging data in groups or classes on the basis of common characteristics. d. Tabulation: it is to arrange data in some kind of concise and logical order. 8. Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis testing refers to the formal procedures used by statisticians to accept or reject statistical hypotheses (What is Hypothesis Testing, 2013). Statisticians follow a formal process to determine whether to reject a null hypothesis, based on sample data (Statistics and Probability Dictionary, 2013). This process is called hypothesis testing. An hypothesis test consists of four steps. a) Formulate the hypotheses. This involves stating the null and alternative hypotheses. The hypotheses are stated in such a way that they are mutually exclusive. That is, if one is true, the other must be false; and vice versa. b) Identify the test statistic. This involves specifying the statistics (e.g., a mean score, proportion) that will be used to assess the validity of the null hypothesis. c) Formulate a decision rule. A decision rule is a procedure that the researcher uses to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. d) Test the null hypothesis. Use the decision rule to evaluate the test statistic. If the statistic is consistent with the null hypothesis, you cannot reject the null hypothesis; otherwise, reject the null hypothesis. 9. Interpretation Interpretation refers to the task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical and/or experimental study (Kothari, 2004). The task of interpretation has two major aspects viz., (i) the effort to establish continuity in research through linking the results of a given study with those of another, and (ii) the establishment of some explanatory concepts. Interpretation is considered a basic component of research process because of the following: a) It is through interpretation that the researcher can well understand the abstract principle that works beneath his findings. Through this he can link up his findings with those of other studies, having the same abstract principle, and thereby can predict about the concrete world of events. Fresh enquiries can test these predictions later on. This way the continuity in research can be maintained. b) Interpretation leads to the establishment of explanatory concepts that can serve as a guide for future research studies c) Researcher can better appreciate only through interpretation why his findings are what they are and can make others to understand the real significance of his research findings. d) The interpretation of the findings of exploratory research study often results into hypotheses for experimental research and as suich interpretation is involved in the transition from exploratory to experimental research. 10. Report Writing Features of Good report, (2013) defines a report as a piece of informative writing that describes a set of actions and analyses any results in response to a specific brief. A quick definition might be: â€Å"This is what I did and this is what it means.† Kothari, (2004) outlines the following as different steps in writing a report: a. Logical analysis of the subject matter: thre are two ways in which to develop a subject (i) logically and (ii) chronologically. The logical development is made on the basis of mental connections and associations between the one thing and another by means of analysis. It contains materials from the simple possible to the most complex structures. Chronological development is based on a connection or sequence in time or occurrence, the directions for doing or making follow the chronological order. b. Preparation of the final outcome: outlines are the framework upon which long written works are constructed. They are and aid to the logical organisation of the material and a reminder of the points to be stressed in the report c. Preparation of the rough draft: the researcher writes down what he has done in the context of his study. He will write down the procedure adopted by him in collecting the material for his study along with limitations faced, the technique of analysis adopted, the broad findings and generalizations and the various suggestions he wants to offer regarding the problem concerned. d. Rewriting and polishing the rough draft: while rewriting and polishing, one should check the report for weaknesses in logical development or presentation. He should also see whether the material presented as it is presented , has unity and cohesion. In addition the researcher should give due attention to the fact that in his rough draft if he has been consistent or not. He should check the mechanics of writing-grammar, spelling and usage. e. Preparation of the final bibliography: the bibliography , should contain all the works which the researcher has consulted. f. Writing the final draft: while writing the final draft, the researcher must avoid abstract terminology and technical jargon. Illiustrations and examples based on common experiences must be incorporated in the final draft as they happen to be most in communicating the research findings to others. The format suggested below is the same as that used in most published papers as laid down in Guide to Writing Research Reports, (2013). 1) Title: The title should provide a single line description of the study. In many cases, the title will mention the independent and dependent variables. Your title should be a brief, but accurate reflection of the content of the report 2) Abstract: The abstract is a short summary of the report. It should contain a brief description of the rationale and of the method, results and discussion sections. It should be a comprehensive but concise summary of the whole report which will enable readers to decide if they wish to read any further. A useful rule of thumb is to try to write four concise sentences describing: (1) Why you did it, (2) What you did, (3) What results you found and (4) What you concluded. Write the abstract after you have written the rest of the report. 3) Introduction (Why you did it): The Introduction should present the reasoning behind the particular study which you are describing. This means that the reader, having read the introduction, should feel able to anticipate what your study will involve and should allow someone who is not an expert to understand why you did this study. For this reason the introduction will begin at a general background level and progress through to the specific reasons for and aims of the study. This will normally include a review of past work in the area and an explanation of the theoretical or practical reasons for doing the study. 4) Method (How you did it): In the method section, you describe the essentials of how you gathered your data. This section must contain enough information for the reader to be able to repeat the study, but should exclude any irrelevant details. It explains about the (i) research participants, (ii) apparatus used, (iii) materials used, (iv) design and (v) procedure. 5) Results (What you found out): Begin this section with a description of how you treated your data. This means that you should describe what you got from all of the responses that were made by each participant to the scores that were analyzed. Follow the description of the treatment of the data with a clear, concise summary of the data using descriptive statistics. 6) Discussion (What you think it means): This is the section in which you interpret the results of the study and discuss their meaning. It is important that your discussion relates to the issues raised in the introduction, since this presented the reasons for conducting the study and the results should provide more details about these issues. You should link the arguments made in this section with the issues and research hypotheses raised in your introduction section. In particular: (i) How do your results compare with your research questions and/or predictions? (ii) How do your results compare with relevant published results? (iii) What are the implications for future research? 7) References: Should contain all the works which the researcher has consulted. 8) Appendices: You should include here all material that would have been obtrusive or damaging to the ‘flow’ of the report itself, and not just use it as a bin to contain things you wished to say but could not fit into the main report. Therefore, the contents of the Appendices usually consist of raw data, statistical formulae and computations, lengthy protocols, examples of stimuli and details of stimulus preparation, etc Bibliography 1. Basic Tools for Process Improvement, Data Collection. (1998-2013). Retrieved September 15th, 2013, from Balance Scorecard institute, Strategy Management Group: http://www.balancedscorecard.org/portals/0/pdf/datacoll.pdf 2. Eaterby-Smith. (2008). Management Research: An Introduction. SAGE publishers Ltd. 3. Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review , 14 (4) 532-550. 4. Features of Good report. (2013). Retrieved September 15th, 2013, from University of Reading, Malaysia: http://www.reading.ac.uk/internal/studyadvice/StudyResources/Essays/sta-featuresreports.aspx 5. Guide to Writing Research Reports. (2013). Retrieved September 15th, 2013, from University of Essex, UK: http://www.essex.ac.uk/psychology/department/A-Z_files/GUIDE%20TO%20WRITING%20RESEARCH%20REPORTS.pdf 6. Kothari. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and Techniques Second Edition. Jaipur,India: New Age International Publishers Limited. 7. McGregor, J. A. (2010). Paradigm, Methodology and Method: Intellectual Integrity in Consumer Ccholarship. International Journal of Consumer Studies 34 . 8. Sebastian Reiter, G. S. (2011). Strategy for Delayed Research Method Selection: Deciding Between Grounded Theory and phenomenology. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods Volume 9 . 9. Slideshare. (2013). Retrieved September 14th, 2013, from Slideshare.Inc: http://www.slideshare.net/rao_sahab/hypothesis-12915876?from_search=1 10. Slideshare. (2013). Retrieved September 14th, 2013, from Slideshare.Inc: http://www.slideshare.net/sagar_sambare/research-design-13174653?from_search=4 11. Statistics and Probability Dictionary. (2013). Retrieved September

Outsourcing or Exporting America Essay

With the new economic slump, many people are trying to find ways to rebuild the economy and find the cause of the downward spiral that has recently plagued our country. In the quack of high unemployment, and many families losing their homes, many of the economists and researchers are looking to the outsourcing of jobs to other countries as the culprit for the dilemma. Is his belief true or false? The answer lies within each person’s individual belief, because politicians do not give all the information available about this new crises and the reason for it. In a year of presidential elections, one only needs to look at the previous election to see that this same topic was prevalent. In 2004, John Kerry accused George W. Bush of â€Å"exporting† jobs to other countries so big business could save money. In fact, N. Gregory Mankiw stated that the outsourcing of jobs was just another type of trade on an international level. Even at that time, many opponents realized that the government was trying to make excuses for high unemployment and the loss of jobs in this country. With the end of the election, the topic lost steam and lay in the background for years (Drezner, 1; Dobbs, 1). Now, in the smoke filled world of foreclosures, banks going under and financial giants losing their grasp of the world, the issue of outsourcing has again reared its head. Why? Because the majority of the public believe that the exporting of jobs is a major factor in the current slump. While manufacturing jobs have been lost to countries for lower wages, now the middle manager and white collar jobs are being shipped overseas to companies that charge much less then their American counterparts. This leaves the middle class American with few options and young Americans with unfulfilled dreams (Drezner, 1; Dobbs, 1). Both sides of the argument believe that they are in the right. Those that applaud the globalization and outsourcing to other countries, truly or blindly believe that it is the best option for this country. They even believe that it will help to create higher paying jobs for Americans, while the mundane and manufacturing jobs are done elsewhere for less money. They fool themselves with this notion. The truth of the matter is that American companies shut down factories and outsource middle management or call center activities; they are hurting the American worker and the American economy (Dobbs, 1). Look around and see the economy failing, banks losing, real estate stagnant. While the stock market roller coasters from downward spirals to euphoric rises, the economy is more imbalanced than ever. Multinational corporations will continue to layoff workers in the United States to give those jobs to people in other countries for less money. Is destroying our country worth a few dollars per employee? Most American would not agree. They would take up rank and fight, but until they have the correct information, and the government stops skewing the truth, the American people will suffer and the economy will fail.

Free Essays on Social Changes Due To Slavery

Today, in the United States the African American culture has been undermined by its own people as well as other non-black cultures. Some say, the African American culture is the most disrespected and under appreciated cultures in all of America. Blacks still today are oppressed by slavery (modern day slavery) most of which by European diasporas. Not only does oppression come from those of European dissent, but from blacks themselves. Blacks today in the United States are allowing themselves to be oppressed by accepting the standards of the Euros and by not accepting the culture for what it is. In the early 20th century most blacks lived in the south. The Great Movement changed that process. During WWI, blacks began to move towards the West, East, and the North. This movement slowly but surely began to change the African culture. In order to interact with these new societies blacks had to learn new ways to fit in or to cope with their surroundings. The development of music, dance, and politics changed after the movement. Blacks began to become noticed solely for entertainment purposes. Blacks were used for jokes, singing, dancing and degradation by the white communities. As far as politics blacks organized themselves and stood up in what they believed in. Which most of the time lead to violence between whites and blacks (Race Riots). Blacks also were a close family oriented society, which is not the case today. In the Civil Rights era in the black community family came first as well as equality for all human beings. Also, grandparents played a vital role toward the development of children as well as the whole family in the African American communities. Children had responsibilities at an early age as well as a place in society that was important. Today, in black communities money comes first and everyone else fends for themselves. African Americans do not fully understand the importance of ec... Free Essays on Social Changes Due To Slavery Free Essays on Social Changes Due To Slavery Today, in the United States the African American culture has been undermined by its own people as well as other non-black cultures. Some say, the African American culture is the most disrespected and under appreciated cultures in all of America. Blacks still today are oppressed by slavery (modern day slavery) most of which by European diasporas. Not only does oppression come from those of European dissent, but from blacks themselves. Blacks today in the United States are allowing themselves to be oppressed by accepting the standards of the Euros and by not accepting the culture for what it is. In the early 20th century most blacks lived in the south. The Great Movement changed that process. During WWI, blacks began to move towards the West, East, and the North. This movement slowly but surely began to change the African culture. In order to interact with these new societies blacks had to learn new ways to fit in or to cope with their surroundings. The development of music, dance, and politics changed after the movement. Blacks began to become noticed solely for entertainment purposes. Blacks were used for jokes, singing, dancing and degradation by the white communities. As far as politics blacks organized themselves and stood up in what they believed in. Which most of the time lead to violence between whites and blacks (Race Riots). Blacks also were a close family oriented society, which is not the case today. In the Civil Rights era in the black community family came first as well as equality for all human beings. Also, grandparents played a vital role toward the development of children as well as the whole family in the African American communities. Children had responsibilities at an early age as well as a place in society that was important. Today, in black communities money comes first and everyone else fends for themselves. African Americans do not fully understand the importance of ec...

Qualifications to be a United States Representative

Qualifications to be a United States Representative What are the constitutional qualifications to serve as a  U.S.  Representative? The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the U.S.  Congress, and it currently counts 435 men and women among its members. House members are popularly elected by voters residing  in their home states. Unlike U.S. Senators, they do not represent their entire state, but rather specific geographic districts within the state known as Congressional Districts. House members may serve an unlimited number of two-year terms, but becoming a representative has specific requirements beyond money, loyal constituents, charisma, and the stamina to make it through a campaign. Requirements to Become a U.S. Representative According to Article I, Section 2 of the U.S.  Constitution, House members must be:at least 25 years of age;a citizen of the United States for at least seven years prior to being elected;a resident of the state he or she is chosen to represent. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. No other requirements are specified in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution. However, all Members must take an oath to support the U.S. Constitution before being allowed to exercise the duties of the office. Specifically, the Constitution states, â€Å"No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.† The Oath of Office The oath taken by both Representatives and Senators as prescribed by the United States Code reads: â€Å"I, (name), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.† Unlike the oath of office sworn by the President of the United States, where it is used only by tradition, the phrase â€Å"so help me God† has been part of the official oath of office for all non-presidential offices since 1862. Discussion Why are these requirements for being elected to the House so much less restrictive than the requirements for being elected to the Senate? The Founding Fathers intended that the House be the chamber of Congress closest to the American people. To help accomplish that, they placed decidedly few hurdles that might prevent any ordinary citizen from being elected to the House in the Constitution. In Federalist 52, James Madison of Virginia wrote that, â€Å"Under these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession of religious faith.† State Residency In creating the requirements to serve in the House of Representatives, the founders drew freely from British Law, which at the time, required members of the British House of Commons to live in the villages and towns they represented. That motivated the founders to include the requirement that Members of the House live in the state they represent in order to increase the likelihood that they would be familiar with the people’s interests and needs. The Congressional district system and the process of apportionment were developed later as the states dealt with how to fairly organize their congressional representation. US Citizenship When the founders were writing the U.S. Constitution, British law banned persons born outside England or the British Empire from ever being allowed to serve in the House of Commons. In requiring members of the House to have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, the founders felt they were balancing the need to prevent foreign interference in U.S. affairs and keeping the House close to the people. In addition, the founders did not want to discourage immigrants from coming to the new nation. Age of 25 If 25 sounds young to you, consider that the founders first set the minimum age to serve in the House at 21, same as the voting age. However, during the Constitutional Convention, delegate George Mason of Virginia moved to set the age at 25. Mason argued that some should pass between becoming free to manage one’s own affairs and managing the â€Å"affairs of a great nation.† Despite an objection from Pennsylvania delegate James Wilson, Mason’s amendment was approved by a vote of seven states to three. Despite the 25 year age restriction, there have been rare exceptions. For example, William Claiborne of Tennessee became the youngest person to ever serve in the House when he was elected and seated in 1797 at the age of 22,  Claiborne was allowed to serve under Article I, section 5 of the Constitution, which gives the House itself the authority to determine whether Members-elect are qualified to be seated.   Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper. Updated by Robert Longley

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

International Business - Essay Example As the manager says, majority of the bottles are not originally made by the company. This reduces the cost of operations as they enter the new markets that make them to offer low priced products to the consumers hence attracting more sales than the competitors (Bradley, 2005). The company also uses well established names in the industry in form of franchising. This makes them to reduce the competition levels in the new acquisitions as the firm establishes on how to become stable in those economies. Coca cola also provides for joint ventures with the established firms. The firms are allowed to have substantial shares by contributing funds which provides the capital for investment and compete in the respective markets. From the strategies mentioned above, the company will offer reduced prices for the consumers and the forces of demand and supply will make us more prices reasonable in the market. While venturing onto the new countries, the organization ensured there was differentiation on the products (Bradley, 2005). This provided a wide consumer choice in the market that attracted more customers to our products increasing our sales on the respective countries. The company also provides unique products with unique logos that ensure customers do not confuse the organization products. The products are then taken through various promotional activities like in the media advertisements, open sales that are used to popularize the products in the market. Many nations do not allow free trade since they always wants to protect the local products. As a result we operate different distributions channels to ensure we exist all over the world. We recruit different organizations inform of franchised distribution channels. These firms are legalized and operate in our behalf to sale our products within the respective countries. There are also bottler firms who are situated in various countries (Bradley, 2005). To break the barriers, we

Dissection of a Protein Transporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissection of a Protein Transporter - Essay Example This will shed light on understanding target pathways and how these target pathways contribute to the overall translocation of proteins across the ER membrane. This also helps in identifying novel components for particular specific pathways and components common for all pathways. Mitochondrial proteins tend to be nuclear encoded and these proteins must be translocated to the compartments within the mitochondria (Copley, 1997; Berg 2002). The final localisation is determined with interaction of nascent polypeptides with inner and outer membrane translocation complexes. Protein synthesis tends to occur in cytosols and in mitochondria, chloroplasts and the location of proteins and crossing of proteins across plasma membrane could be studied using the concept of protein translocation. This essay is based on the discussion of protein translocation and the mechanism involved in such translocation including the reasons why proteins seem to cross membranes and whether it is done as chains or after folding. The translocation of proteins was first experimentally discovered by Blobel in 1970 and he discovered that proteins tend to have signal sequence or a short amino acid sequence and this functions as a code address for the target organelle. mRNA translates into protein with the help of a ribosome and this process of translation takes place within the cytosol (Agarraberes and Dice, 2001, Berg, 2002). When synthesized proteins belong to specific organelles they can be transported through cotranslational translocation or posttranslational translocation. In the cotranslational translocation, the N terminal signal sequence is recognised by a signal recognition particle or SRP at the time when the protein is being synthesized on the ribosome (Agarraberes and Dice, 2001; Berg, 2002). The ribosome protein complex is transferred to the SRP receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum and the nascent protein is inserted in the translocation complex and passes

Social Theory and Culture Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Theory and Culture Identity - Essay Example For example, the legacies of slavery, colonialism and imperialism took birth as the consequence of governing bodies or regimes, impacted the communities bringing about new social constructs and structures under which the society's psychological spaces or maps evolved, contributing to changes in Social Theories and redefining of Cultural Identities. (Adapted from Powell & Moody, 2003) This dissertation shall briefly analyze, the evolution of the concepts of identity and community and their significance in contemporary social thought, through the constructs of social theorists like Zygmut Bauman, Heelas, Alasdair MacIntyre, Chales Taylor, and Selingman etc. The community, according to communitarian discourse of Bauman (2001), has its foundation only on that of a shared agreement between its members or followers. The communitarian discourse is constructed upon two theories that, 1) people are individuals who should resolve their own problems and 2) that community should be built upon fraternal sharing; community has then an ethical foundation. These two are combined and collaborated, leading to almost confusing notions of community, as when he states, "When subjected to such evaluation we see community for what it is numb or dead" (Bauman 2001 p11). He further elucidates the relationship between cultures and identity - according to him, in the postmodern condition, cultures seem to be rather fragmented; and in addition, this fragmented culture allows individuals to select their own identities. He explains with contemporary examples of Blair, Clinton and others, attempting to put freedom and security on an even platform, by rebuilding th e idea of the community within a postmodern world. In short he argues that, "we as individuals should be both with the Other and for the Other. It is the poor whom are cast as the Other in communitarianism discourse. The difference between being - with and being - for the Other is about the level of commitment that we have for the Other, about having an emotional engagement with the Other" (Best, 2002). In contrast, the world seems to be a society that has lost its moral bearings in an unprecedented way, in the perception of the moral philosophers like Alasdair MacIntyre. (Oakes, 1996) MacIntyre points to the teleological alternative as the only remaining solution to this moral degradation, and combines the concepts of liberalism, laissez-faire capitalism, Marxism, and utilitarianism as proof for his science-fiction metaphor. Teleology according to MacIntyre, is the study of final causes, goals, purposes, and aims: similar to and filled with Aristotle's concepts. Consequently, the t erm 'Teleological' is crucial to MacIntyre's solution, the loss of which is the cause of the catastrophe described in his science-fiction parable. The concept of Emotivism is introduced here as a "doctrine that all evaluative judgments and more specifically all moral judgments are nothing but expressions of preference, expressions of attitude or feeling, insofar as they are moral or evaluative in character" (MacIntyre, 1984, pp.10-11). Relationship between the 'identity' in a heroic society has been explained as that which 'involves particularity and accountability'. I am answerable for ding or failing to do what anyone who occupies my role owes to others and this accountability terminates only

Causes and Effects of Nuclear Energy

Causes and Effects of Nuclear Energy Energy is life, as life on this planet depends upon a fixed amount of energy (citation) . Modern industrialized energy sources, such as coal and petroleum, were originally utilized for their seeming promise of high energies yielded per unit volume. Now, there is a much cleaner source of energy, it is called Nuclear power. It originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission (The Nuclear Energy Institute (2012). Power plants use fission processes to generate heat for producing steam, which is used by a turbine to generate electricity (The Nuclear Energy Institute (2012). This electricity is consumed by people. This essay will firstly discuss the environment as for cause for nuclear energy, and then detail its subsequent negative biological and environmental effects. Para 1 (Benefits) To begin with there are many causes of nuclear power, but the key focus is that nuclear power does not emit carbon dioxide; it is reliable and is very efficient compared to other sources of power such as fossil fuel and coal. No carbon emissions this the big selling point to environmentalists about nuclear power plants are that they are said to emit almost no carbon dioxide. Some prominent environmentalists have embraced nuclear power because they see the imminent threat of global warming outweighing the potential threat of localized nuclear meltdowns. But how true is the claim. Reliability of nuclear power plants need little fuel, so they are less vulnerable to shortages because of strikes or natural disasters. International relations will have little effect on the supply of fuel to the reactors because uranium is evenly deposited around the globe. As stated by The Nuclear Energy Institute 2012 one disadvantage of uranium mining is that it leaves the residues from chemical processing of the ore, which leads to radon exposure to the public. Safety the results of a compromised reactor core can be disastrous, but the precautions that prevent this from happening prevent it well. Nuclear power is one the safest methods of producing energy. As stated by The Nuclear Energy Institute 2012 each year, 10,000 to 50,000 Americans die from respiratory diseases due to the burning of coal, and 300 are killed in mining and transportation accidents. Transition However, Nuclear Power Plants also have negative characteristic. Specifically, Nuclear Power Plants use uranium, one of the rarest elements in nature and a non-renewable source. Secondly, Nuclear power plants are also very expensive to build. Furthermore, failures in the cooling system can cause potentially hazarders steam explosions. Lastly, too much exposure to radiation can be fatal or cause cancer, and even exposure to small amounts radioactive waste can be lethal. Para2 On the other hand, nuclear power negatively effects the environment as it is a catalyst for the devastation of nature resulting from meltdowns and waste disposal. Meltdowns occur when there is a loss of coolant water in a fission reactor, the rods would overheat. The rods that contain the uranium fuel pellets would dissolve, leaving the fuel exposed. The temperature would increase with the lack of a cooling source. As stated by Apikyyan and Diamond 2009. When the fuel rods heat to 2800Â °C, the fuel would melt, and a white-hot molten mass would melt its way through the containment vessels to the ground below it. Thus would lead to grammar-rays being exposed in the air which travel, if any living thing around the radius of three hundred and twenty one kilometres would get affected. Waste Disposal the biggest stumbling block in support of nuclear power is the question of what to do with 20-30 tons of radioactive waste that each reactor accrues annually. Currently, waste is stored at nuclear plants across the country as new waste storage schemes are devised then fought over, scrapped, revised and fought over again. Stated by the daily green 2012.The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has said that waste can continue to be stored at plants almost 60 years after they shut down. Para3 The energy of nuclear detonation effects the environment in three ways, which are: blast radiation, nuclear radiation and thermal radiation. The distribution of radiation depends on the kind of nuclear weapon and the place of a blast. As stated by Weart (year) For a low altitude atmospheric detonation of a moderate sized weapon in the kiloton range, the energy is distributed roughly as follows: 50% as blast; 35% as thermal radiation; and 10% as residual nuclear radiation. The second main kind of nuclear weapon is based on the fusion reactions. Thanks to these reactions a large amount of energy is produced. These kinds of bombs can be several times more powerful than fission bombs. This is explained by the fact that the fusion reaction can produce a larger amount of energy per same mass. The bombs which are based on the use of fusion reaction are named hydrogen bombs, thermonuclear bombs or fusion bombs. Only several countries in the world possess this kind of nuclear weapon. The fiss ion mechanism is used in order to start the process of fusion in these kind of bombs, according to Rhodes When the fission bomb is detonated, gamma and X-rays emitted at the speed of light first compress the fusion fuel, then heat it to thermonuclear temperatures Conclusion To conclude the effects of nuclear power is to dangerous in the long term as it will affect the environment and the people. The danger caused by the use of nuclear energy is the main argument of the opponents of this use. At the present moment nuclear energy is one of the most dangerous and destructive energies in the world. Nobody can guarantee that it will be used only for peaceful goals. Distressing facts from our history, such as Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing or Chernobyl tragedy prove this. Antagonist of the nuclear energy use note that solar, wind or other renewable fuels are more effective and less dangerous types of fuels if to compare them with nuclear energy. References List Apikyyan, S Diamond, D. (2009). Nuclear Power and Energy Security. (1st ed)N.P. Springer Publishing. The daily green (2012). Nuclear Power, retrieved from http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/nuclear-power-pro-con#ixzz2CLcUCD4F The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) (2012). Retrieved from www.nei.org. Rhodes, Richard. (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster. U.S. Department of Energy (2012). Retrieved from www.nuclear.energy.gov/ Weart, Spencer R. 1988. Nuclear Fear: A History of Images. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Natural Resources Defense Council (2012). What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here? Retrieved from )http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/ Nuclear Power and Energy Security edited by Samuel Apikyan, David Diamond World energy consumption has developed dramatically over the past few decades. This growth in energy demand will be driven by large increases in both economic growth and world population coupled with rising living standards in rapidly growing countries. This proceeding examines the status and future of nuclear power because of a belief that this technology is an important option for the regional and the world countries to meet the future energy needs without emitting carbon dioxide and other atmospheric pollutants. The objectives, addressed to government, industry, and academic leaders, discusses the interrelated technical, economic, environmental and political challenges facing a significant increase in the global nuclear power utilization over the next half century and what might be done to overcome those challenges. U.S. Department of Energy 2012. Electricity drives the U.S. economy. It powers our homes, offices, and industries; provides communications, entertainment, and medical services; powers computers, technology, and the Internet; and runs various forms of transportation. Electricity and the many technologies that it powers enhance the quality of life for our customers and contribute to the progress and success of our nation. Even as electric utilities and power suppliers work hard to meet the increasing demands of consumers, they are strongly committed to reducing the environmental impact of electric generation. As an industry, the electric power sector has implemented flexible and cost-effective voluntary programs to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for several years.

Societial Changes in the Middle East in 600 B.C.E. :: Politics, world history, Mesopotamia

From the time of the Agricultural revolution till 600 B.C.E, many changes were being made in society. New tools and weapons were developed, new types of writing, and new art forms were all being discovered and altered. But one societal element that is crucial to everyone is politics. The politics of a society effect the citizens day to day lives, and set boundries for all people. Between the time of the Agricultural Revolution and 600 B.C.E, the Middle East experienced political changes such as; the dimensions of government, and the land that was conquered and controlled. The one thing during this time that did remain unchanged, for the most part, were the political leaders of the time period. In Mesopotamia priests were held to a high standard and had a lot of political and economical involvement. As the city-states in Mesopotamia advanced so did the interaction with different empires. Also as the involvement grew so did the civilians quality of life, even for the slaves. Eventually Mesopotamia split up into a north and south region. The region split up due to political and economic reasons. The North was ruled by the Assyria and the south was ruled by Hammurabi. The heightened economic time continued, but it was short lived after the conflict in Anatolia in 1200 B.C.E. the Mesopotamia economy collapsed and they then had a time of poverty and struggle. Assyrian rule lasted from 911 to 612 B.C.E in the northern Mesopotamia region. It is considered by most historians as the first empire. The expansion of Assyrian took place along major trade routes which gave them a stable economy. As the expansion continued policies were put in place to support and benefit the upper classes of society. Later the empire began to diminish because of the hatred it received from its conquered people, and the empires population became less and less loyal to its rulers. During 2000 B.C.E the Israelites populates an area located at cross roads of trade routes. Their petite population inhabited a diminutive territory that was deprived of natural resources, but they were nestled at a cross road of trade routes which was very beneficial for their economy.